In order to carry this out, the gene expression of 20 stroma-derived factors, including the androgen receptor (AR), chaperones (HSPA1A and HSF1), growth factors (FGF2, FGF7, FGF10, HGF, PDGFB, and TGFβ), protein implicated in invasion (MMP2, MMP9, and MMP11), inflammation (IL6, IL17RB, NFκB, and STAT3), and in-stroma/epithelium interaction (CDH11, CXCL12, CXCL14, and FAP), was evaluated in cultured fibroblast-like cells obtained by transrectal ultrasound biopsy from patients with new diagnosis of localized PCa or advanced PCa treated with ADT and from patients with BPH. The gene discussed is AR; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.