Nevertheless, although anti-PF4–polyanion antibodies are common—they’re found in 25–50% of patients after cardiovascular surgery, for example—heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is not, and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis or thrombi in abdominal vessels rarely occur in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia; this shows that knowledge of the pathophysiology of VITT is lacking, and that the utility of assessing pathogenic anti-PF4-related antibodies in all vaccine recipients is yet to be determined [57]. This evidence concerns the gene PF4 and Thrombocytopenia.