Adipose tissue is a major source of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors [3,48,92] In obesity, excess adipose tissue causes an increased production of pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and resistin (Figure 2) [48]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.