APOA2 and benign neoplasm: Despite the already accumulated knowledge on the functionality of HDL containing apoA-II, intervention experiments in the rodent models of HF, such as treatment of animals with apoA-II enriched reconstituted HDL or apoA-II overexpression, are required to gain mechanistic insights into whether and how HDL-apoA-II affects HF pathophysiology, the function of the failing heart, and HF mortality.