Furthermore, the detachment of hepatocellular carcinoma cells from the ECM allows anoikis escape through autophagy activation driven by destabilization of the mTORC1 complex and upregulation of BNIP3 (BCL2 Interacting Protein 3) via the ERK/HIF-1α pathway [101]. Here, BNIP3 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.