TNF and cancer: Indeed, high Cell Migration Inducing Hyaluronidase 1 positive (CEMIP) exosomes coming from diverse cancer cell types induce pro-inflammatory vascular niche by upregulating cytokines and chemokines such as TNF, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2 (PTGS2) and CCL in the microglia, leading to BBB dysfunction [27].