Liu J. et al. demonstrated that trelagliptin, a selective inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), ameliorated IL-1β-induced oxidative stress and mitigated IL-1β-induced inflammatory responses via the AMPK/SOX-9 pathway [73]. This evidence concerns the gene SOX9 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.