VCAM1 and neoplasm: Jacamo and collaborators demonstrated that bone marrow stromal cells promoted NF-κB activation in AML cells through vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) interaction [71] and highlighted the importance of surrounding stroma in induction and maintenance of aberrant NF-κB activation in tumor cells [9,72,73].