MCL1 and cancer: In conclusion, chemotherapies such as Dina can be encapsulated in genetically engineered anti-cancer EVs, such as EV-T, to produce complexed inhalation agents such as EV-T-Dina, which concomitantly suppress the expression of innate apoptosis inhibitors such as cFLIP, MCL-1, and Survivin in cancer cells, thereby improving the therapeutic potential and treatment safety of lung cancer therapeutics.