Springer et al. [39] reported that mutant genes in urinary samples of UTUC patients in Taiwan could be detected at rates of 10.7% (FGFR3 S249C), 7.1% (TERT C250T) and 25.0% (TERT C228T), whereas Hayashi and colleges [23] detected mutations at rates of 16.1% (FGFR3 S249C), 7.1% (TERT C250T) and 39.3% (TERT C228T) in urinary samples in Japanese UTUC patients. The gene discussed is TERT; the disease is renal pelvis/ureter urothelial carcinoma.