In parallel to acting as an anti-malignancy factor through competition with mTNFR2 on the binding of TNFα (a case in which the “interest” of the tumor cells is to down-regulate sTNFR2 expression under conditions of elevated PD-L1 expression), sTNFR2 may induce reverse signaling by its preferred ligand, which is transmembrane TNFα (tmTNFα) [100,101,102]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.