However, due to the different methylation status in different tissues with sometimes diametrically opposite effects of hyper- and hypomethylation on survivin expression, cancer-specific studies are needed to further investigate the underlying regulation of BIRC5 gene expression before existing epigenetic therapeutic approaches can find their way into clinical application in the treatment of PDAC patients with chemoresistant tumour burden. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and neoplasm.