While survivin was not detected in samples of healthy pancreatic tissue (0%) and chronic pancreatitis (0%), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia (IPMN) (56.3%) and PDAC (76.9%) exhibited rising percentages of preponderantly cytoplasmic survivin in a course from normal and inflammatory conditions to pre-malignant and malignant pancreatic lesions suggesting an upregulation of survivin early in tumourigenesis [20]. This evidence concerns the gene BIRC5 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm.