AML patients with RAS or PTPN11 mutations, although not classified in the ELN classification system [4], showed decreased OS when treated with induction chemotherapy, with a median OS of 12 months for RAS-mutated AML patients and compared to 30.1 months for the other patients [93], and a median OS of 13.4 months for PTPN11-mutated AML patients compared to 19.2 months for wild-type PTPN11 AML patients [94]. Here, PTPN11 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.