As part of normal pathological review, resected tumours were assessed for the presence of normal mismatch repair (MMR) proteins by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and described as MMR proficient (presence of all four MMR proteins: MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6) or MMR deficient (absence of one or more MMR proteins). This evidence concerns the gene MRC1 and neoplasm.