An in vitro study by Chen et al. (2015) showed that EGFR TKIs induced PD-PD-L1 expression in nonresistant NSCLC, but could not have a synergistic tumor cell killing effect with PD ICIs in EGFR mutant NSCLC with resistance to TKIs [154]. This evidence concerns the gene EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma.