The deregulation of several MSCs-derived cytokines upon leukemia engraftment has also been underlined by De Vasconcellos and colleagues, who observed that primary ALL cells are able to alter the secretome of BM-MSCs increasing the release of a wide array of cytokines, including CXCL10, CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL11, CCL7 and CXCL2. Here, CCL2 is linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia.