TNF and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: Giustacchini et al. tested the effect of TNF-α and TGF-β on normal HSCs and CML-LSCs in vitro and observed that TNF-α promoted quiescence in both normal HSCs and CML-LSCs, while TGF-β promoted higher cell division in CML-LSCs [88].