Somatic mutations of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) and TP53 were also associated with high TMB and PD-L1 expression in NSCLC patients [44,46], while metastatic NSCLC patients harboring STK11 or KEAP1 showed poorer outcomes with ICI treatment compared with wild-type groups [44]. Here, CD274 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.