In a prospective cohort of metastatic NSCLC treated with nivolumab, upregulation of lymphoid cells harboring high TIM-3 and monocytic MDSC expressing galectin-9 (the ligand of TIM-3) induced primary or acquired secondary resistance through reducing the production of IFN-γ secreted by effector T-cells [70]. Here, IFNG is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.