The complex interrelationship between these cytokines, H. pylori infection and IL-1β was emphasized by a study performed on acute coronary syndrome patients, where it was shown that the coexistence of H. pylori-seropositivity and certain IL-1β polymorphisms is associated with higher levels of high-sensitivity CRP, resulting in an increased risk of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [81]. Here, IL1B is linked to acute coronary syndrome.