In further studies, we evaluated other mechanisms by which olive oil could reduce cell proliferation and increase apoptosis in mice intestinal polyps: (1) the decrease of Phospho-Stat3-Ser727 (p-STAT3 Ser), known to be responsible for the activation of metabolic pathways involved in regulation of cell proliferation, and (2) the increase of the expression of estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and consequently of ERβ/ERα ratio, already known to be a diagnostic and prognostic parameter for colon cancer progression [62,63,64,65]. The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is intestinal polyp.