GDF15 and Obesity: From this list, we first excluded genes whose expression is known to be associated with obesity, such as genes of carbohydrate (carboxylesterase 1G) or lipid metabolism (apoliprotein H, lipoprotein lipase), and selected six genes which are associated to the NF-κB pathway: fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), advanced glycation end products receptor (AGER), death domain-containing protein (CRADD), sodium–glucose cotransporters (SCL5A2) and myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein (MCL-1) (Figure 3B).