The term “cytokine storm”, originally coined to describe a graft-vs-host disease (GvHD) [55], broadly encompasses unprecedented release of cytokines and/or chemokines, including TGF-α, TGF-β, IP10, MIP1A, IL-1RA, IL-6, GCSF, and MCP-1, by immune cells following onset of infectious and autoimmune diseases, sepsis, cancer, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and acute immunotherapy response [56,57,58]. Here, TGFA is linked to graft versus host disease.