PPARGC1A and atherosclerosis: As further a mechanism of action that could be useful in atherosclerosis development, lycopene can regulate hepatic lipid metabolism through SIRT-1 (sirtuin-1) activation, thus positively regulating the transcriptional activity of both the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), which are involved in fatty acid catabolism [17].