According to the mechanism underlying their self-adjuvanting properties, nanovaccines can be divided into four categories: (1) nanovaccines that enhance cross-presentation, which promote exogenous cancer antigens taken up by DCs and cross-presented for CD8+ T cell priming [35]; (2) nanovaccines that target the signaling pathways of the immune response; (3) nanovaccines that mimic desirable chemical and biological properties in nature; (4) nanovaccines with unknown mechanisms. Here, CD8A is linked to cancer.