Accordingly, the cognitive impairment induced by neonatal severe inflammation was significantly improved by IL-1β-siRNA and/or KCC2-siRNA injection (Fig. 4F-4H, 4K, n= 10–15, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001), indicating that inhibiting the elevation of IL-1β and/or KCC2 expression during the period of GABAergic development was able to prevent the long-term cognitive impairment that induced by neonatal severe inflammation. This evidence concerns the gene SLC12A5 and Cognitive impairment.