CCN4 and osteoarthritis: Moreover, seven factors identified in the subchondral bone of HFD mice, including osteopontin (OPN), Lipocalin-2, Cystatin C, IL-33, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cellular communication network factor 4 (CCN4), and platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), were also markedly increased in oxLDL-treated cells relative to vehicle-treated cells (Figure 6I), indicating that these are important SASP factors involved in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.