In patients with AML-M4 and AML-M2, the mRNA levels of NEDD8, UBE2M and RBX1 were higher than those in controls (P<0.001); however, there was no significant difference in the UBA3 mRNA expression (P>0.05, Figure 1E,F). The gene discussed is UBA3; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.