TGFB1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Akkermansia can reduce endotoxin absorption not only by activating TLR2, stimulating mucus secretion, increasing the thickness of the mucus layer, repairing the tight junctions of intestinal epithelial cells, and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier [26] but also via reducing serum levels of IL10 and TGFβ to reduce chronic inflammation in pancreatic islets and inhibiting the development of metabolic endotoxemia, thereby delaying the development of obesity and diabetes mellitus [27].