MUC1 and neoplasm: In 2016, an anti-tumor vaccine based on MUC1 (MUC1-maltose-binding protein (MBP)/BCG) entered preclinical trials and showed no significant toxicity in mice, rats or crab-eating monkeys.MUC1-MBP/BCG acts as an anti-tumor agent by inducing Th1 cell activation and MUC1-specific IgG antibody secretion [44].