Almost simultaneously, Maureen et al. successfully constructed a BCG-human interleukin-2 (hIL2)-MUC1 breast cancer vaccine, which significantly reduced the incidence and rate of tumorigenesis in mice, suggesting that co-expression of MUC1 and IL-2 plays a key role in the induction of tumor-specific immune responses [41]. This evidence concerns the gene MUC1 and breast cancer.