The discovery of the LKB1-AMPK signaling pathway represented a major breakthrough in the study of cancer metabolism given that mutations in LKB1 had previously been identified in patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, which is associated with benign growths and increased risk of a range of different cancers [29,40,41]. The gene discussed is PRKAA2; the disease is Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.