NPPB and atrial fibrillation: In recent years, evidence has accumulated that, aside from well-established HF-related clinical predictors, such as New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), systolic blood pressure, QRS complex duration, atrial fibrillation (AF), or N-terminal-pro hormone B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) [2], specific subclinical parameters, closely related to distinctive pathophysiological derangements observed in HFpEF, can provide crucial insight into the disease progression and, therefore, can be pivotal in tackling the HFpEF burden [1,6,7].