TIMP3 and cardiac hypertrophy: Additionally, the authors demonstrated that 5’-Gly-CCC-30nt is able to directly target the 3’-UTR of Timp3 (TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3), an important regulator in cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy [75], in a microRNA-like fashion thereby proposing a mechanism for the observed effects of tRFs on cardiac hypertrophy.