APEX1 and cancer: To confirm the association of APE1 and DICER1 in cancer progression, a cohort of a hundred tissue samples from chemotherapy- and radiotherapy-naïve patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, breast cancer, cervical cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were also tested for APE1 and Dicer1 protein expression by IHC, and representative images of APE1-high and -low examples for the five cancer types are shown in Fig. 8.