In vivo, inactivation of one or both endogenous C9orf72 alleles in mice expressing human transgenes carrying the repeat expansion caused elevated DPR accumulation which was accompanied by exacerbated cognitive deficits, glial activation and hippocampal neuron loss [87] and C9orf72 deficiency promoted motor deficits of a C9ALS/FTD BAC transgenic mouse model in a gene dosage-dependent manner [65]. This evidence concerns the gene C9orf72 and Cognitive impairment.