A growing body of research indicates that impaired insulin/IGF signaling contributes to brain insulin resistance and plays a causal role in AD pathogenesis (De La Monte and Wands, 2008; Ahmad, 2012; Sridhar, 2015; Neth and Craft, 2017; Denver et al., 2018; Song et al., 2018; Komleva et al., 2021). Here, INS is linked to Alzheimer disease.