Moreover, it has been shown that ALS patients derived fibroblasts can be directly converted into motor neurons by introducing the TFs NEUROG2, SOX11, ISL1, and LHX3, and the morphological and survival deficits of ALS human-induced motor neurons (hiMNs) can be ameliorated by the small molecule kenpaullone (Liu et al., 2016). Here, LHX3 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.