Pandey et al. (2014) reported that protein expressions of TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR10 were significantly increased in the prefrontal cortex of depressed patients who committed suicide. Since Gal-3 acts as a ligand for TLR, this could be a possible explanation for its involvement in these diseases. In the modern treatment of autism spectrum disorders, not only BBB permeability is a hot topic, but also gastrointestinal immune barrier (Yousefi et al., 2022), which could be controlled by TLR2 and TLR4 or Gal-3 (Beukema et al., 2020). Here, TLR4 is linked to autism spectrum disorder.