LEP and pachyonychia congenita: Furthermore, the application of the AKT signaling pathway inhibitor LY294002 to PC cells significantly counteracted the effect of leptin on the proliferation of tumor cells, while the corresponding application of the AKT pathway activator IGF-1 counteracted the effect of leptin silencing, which similarly supports the notion that leptin can promote the migration and growth of PC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway (23).