MAPK1 and neoplasm: Upon binding to the gp130/OSMRβ complex, OSM induces transcription of relevant target genes through signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, MAPK/ERK, and PI3K/AKT with a crucial role in inflammation and hematopoiesis and could act in direct ways as growth inhibitory or growth promoting factors impacting the expansion of tumor cells or indirectly on angiogenesis through the recall of inflammatory cells (141, 143).