Notably, we found that a cluster of L1CAM expressing cells expresses marker genes for principal cells of collecting duct, whereas a cluster of FOXI1 expressing cells and BHD-associated chromophobe renal cell carcinoma express marker genes for intercalated cells of collecting duct, suggesting that these distinctly clustered HOCT cells may develop in part by a mechanism similar to that of benign collecting duct cells (Figures 4B and S3A–S3D and Dataset S3). This evidence concerns the gene FOXI1 and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.