UBC and cancer: Furthermore, previous experiments highlight that HOIL-1 interacts with HOIP, which adds a Mi-linked poly-ubiquitin chain to specific NF-κB signaling proteins, suggesting its link to a diversity of immune disorders, antiviral signaling (Elton et al., 2015), iron and xenobiotic metabolism (Elton et al., 2015), apoptosis (Emmerich et al., 2011; Lewis et al., 2015; Sasaki and Iwai, 2015), and cancer (Queisser et al., 2014; Taminiau et al., 2016).