PINK1 and Parkinson disease: In support of the role of PINK1/Parkin in mitochondria, mutations in the PINK1 and Parkin genes are found to cause early onset of Parkinson’s disease that is also associated with mitochondrial dysfunction (Valente et al., 2004; Ishihara-Paul et al., 2008; McLelland et al., 2014; Ham et al., 2020).