For example, in mice, loss of the autophagic core protein Atg5 leads to the activation of the inflammasome in microglia, leading to the protection of DA neurons and the recapitulation of some PD motor symptoms (Wang X. et al., 2019) Following cellular damage or infection, the inflammasome, a multimeric protein complex, is recruited by NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) and SNCA oligomers mediate the activation of the NLRP3-inflammasome in PD by upregulating the expression of the autophagy-related protein ATG5 (Wang X. et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and infection.