Lung lysates taken from NA2 VLP and QWIV vaccinated swine 5 days after infection with A/swine/NC/KH1552516/2016 and tested for 13 major Th1, Th2 and inflammatory cytokines, showed a statistically significant 3-fold increase of IL-1β (p=0.007 and 0.003) (Figure 8A), IL-6 (p=0.016 and 0.015) (Figure 8B) and IL-8 (p=0.023 and 0.015) (Figure 8C) in the infected mock vaccinated group as compared to challenged swine that had received NA2 VLP or QWIV vaccine. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and infection.