PDCD1 and cancer: Several recent studies aimed to investigate the potential synergistic effects of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy with radiotherapy in patients with advanced cancer (3–5), however it remains uncharacterized whether PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy, radiotherapy could also be combined with other immunomodulating strategy to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy particularly for those cancer patients with advanced and metastatic diseases.