Taken together, the interactions between cancer cells and immune cells showed an intricate regulation network in the S components, including immune-suppressive interactions such as HLA-F_LILRB1/LILRB2 (50, 51) and RPS19_C5AR1 (52) and immune-activating interactions such as DAG1_TNF (53) and CD58_CD2 (54). Here, RPS19 is linked to cancer.