We found that sCD27, sCD80, and sPDL2 levels were significantly increased in IAC cases compared to AIS cases (Figure 1; Table S1, P= 1.05E-06, 4.44E-05, and 1.16E-06, respectively), whereas sPDL1 and sPDL2 levels were significantly increased in NSCLC cases compared to controls (P=3.25E-05 and 1.49E-05, respectively). Here, SPDL1 is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.