Our first WES case for a male infant with early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in 2009 resulted in the discovery of interleukin 10 receptor subunit alpha (IL10RA) gene mutations as the underlying cause of early-onset IBD (27), at about the same time when aberrant interleukin 10 (IL10) pathway was implicated as the underlying cause for early-onset IBD by another group using linkage analysis (48). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.