DDX3X and Arenaviridae infectious disease: In contrast to many previous studies of DDX3X enhancement of IFN-I induction upon viral infection (Hernández-Díaz et al., 2021), Loureiro and Zorzetto-Fernandes et al. demonstrated a negative role of DDX3X in IFN production in the context of arenavirus infection (Loureiro et al., 2018).