Homoharringtonine exerts antitumor effects by inhibiting the synthesis of target proteins, such as phospho-eIF4E, SP1/TET1/5hmC, Smad3, and TGF-β pathway components, and NF-κB repressing factor [35–38], and promotes apoptosis in leukemia cells. The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is leukemia.