The present study showed that TGFβ1 might play an important role in promoting collateral formation by activating the TGFβ pathway and upregulating the VEGF in ischemic MMD, taking into account the function and mechanism of the TGFβ1, which might be an important target for collateral-enhancing and preventing stroke in ischemic MMD. Here, VEGFA is linked to multiminicore myopathy.